While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. TheSusquehannock people, also called the Conestoga by the English, werean important Iroquoian-speaking tribe that formerly lived on Susquehanna River and its branches, from the north end of the Chesapeake Bay inMarylandacrossPennsylvaniainto southernNew York. Evidence of their habitation has also been found in northern West Virginia. Smith only traveled up the Susquehanna a few miles, where he met a delegation of Susquehannock representatives just north of the rivers mouth. An email has been sent to with a link to confirm list signup. These were my ancestors and Im 60 tall woman, so maybe they were giants . The Susquehannock was a confederacy of up to 20 smaller tribes, who occupied fortified villages along the Susquehanna River. Reports of the creature became less and less frequent in the later 1800s, many believing it to have died or escaped to the ocean through underground caverns. Drastically weakened by their losses, they were overwhelmed by their long-time enemies of the Iroquois Confederacy by 1678. yeah steve Quayle's site has some amazing info on there.I frequent it quite a bit. Alana Jajko is the Director of Communications and Outreach for the Susquehanna Greenway Partnership. Treaties between the Susquehannocks and the whites nearly always recorded nation or family affiliations via the mothers ancestors. Smiths fascination with the Susquehannock is reflected by the prominent figure of the Susquehannock man included on his map of the Chesapeake Bay. The northern reaches of the Greenway overlap with Squonk territory. She emerges as if dreamlike to reveal that destiny, but beware; her prophecies are often mocking or even withheld completely, leaving the witness wanting and dispirited. Most simply described as a mishmash of animals, the Giwoggle was called upon by local witches to wreak havoc and mayhem on farmers who offended them. The Treaty of Greenville in August 1795 ended the war, and the Lenape surrendered most of their Ohio lands. Lapowinsa, Chief of the Lenape, by Gustavus Hesselius, 1735. Described as a 4-foot-tall hairy ape-man fond of apples, the Albatwitch is thought to live around the Susquehanna River, most notably in the Chickies Rock area. Since that fateful day, she would appear over the swamp in a glowing orb. Afterward, some small groups fled into western Pennsylvania and Ohio, with some joining with the Shawnee tribe. Corrections? , a fantasy field guide published in 1910 by William T. Cox. James Buchanan Long was among the last sickle makers in Drumore township, having worked alongside his grandfather and father. A creature with many names, this elusive legend has been said to lurk in the waters of the Susquehanna River near Lock Haven in Clinton County. Loop Hill Ike isnt around to be the hero these days! In 1608, Captain John Smith and his small crew of adventurers set out in an open boat to explore the Chesapeake Bay. Omissions? Our next Greenway legend is another Clinton County native, and even holds the title as the Official Monster of Clinton County.. Like many Native Americans, the Susquehannock social organization was centered almost entirely about female ancestry. This involved clearing the forest by burning down trees and planting crops in their ashes. A tragic end came to the Conestoga, when two weeks before Christmas, in 1763, they were attacked by a group of vigilantes from the Harrisburg area. The Paxtang Path Next, click the bio link for more information about Wagner and how to purchase an 18" x 24" matte print. https://www.facebook.com/dennis.wallace.353250/photos_albums Need F.B. It is said that he called upon the aid of the spirit to break a witchs curse, summoning her by burning a plant called foxfire. Upon being asked during a panel discussion about his most mysterious sighting while in the wild, Maurer recalled a large creature that he saw swimming in the Susquehanna River. Early relationships were friendly between the Lenape and the Dutch. Reports of the creature became less and less frequent in the later 1800s, many believing it to have died or escaped to the ocean through underground caverns. Instead of front paws, it had bird claws, and instead of back feet, it had horse hooves, which confused trackers trying to follow it. The Lenape claimed to be the "parent" from which numerous . In 1782, a group of Pennsylvania militiamen, falsely believing the natives were responsible for several raids, killed almost 100 Christian Lenape in what became known as the Gnadenhutten Massacre. While the exterior of the structure has been stabilized the interior is currently not accessible for public visitation. Native American Netroots As nutrients in the soil were depleted, productivity decreased forcing the Susquehannock to move their towns about every two decades. The brothers brought along a divine long pole (Kohta Falaya), and each night they would place the pole in the ground. It was often blamed for the spilling or capsizing of lumber rafts at the time. Susquehannock descendants numbered more than 400 in the early 21st century. Creepy. Works Cited, The Bottom Path Most of these tunnels and culverts are completely hidden from view. . Constructed of field stone, it would have been covered in stucco and it still retains its slate roof. Is the Kettle Creek Monster / West Branch Dugong / Susquehanna Seal really gone? Indians in Pennsylvania by Paul A. Wallace, Indian Wars by Robert M. Utley and Wilcomb E. Washburn, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation & Natural Resources, Bureau of Facility Design and Construction, Conservation & Natural Resources Advisory Council. Once described as a "noble and heroic nation" in A Character of the Province of Maryland by George Allsop in 1666, the Susquehannock commanded a deep respect from the other Native Nations around them. Check out all the close-ups shown here. The Susquehannocks identified themselves as a branch of the Andastes, which were a subdivision of the larger Algonquin family. Success! The Susquehannock lived in large fortified towns, the largest of which may have had a population of nearly 3,000 people. The floors are constructed of wide wood planks. Battle of Fallen Timbers by H. Charles McBarron, Jr, 1953. The Penns Creek Path Mulching and Watering The Lenape or Delaware tribe, also called the Lenni Lenape, are of theAlgonquin family and first lived in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York. Know of any other Greenway ghouls and legends? John Smith, who explored the upper Chesapeake Bay area in 1608. They were an independent people and werenot part of any confederacy into the 1600s. there are also hundreds and hundreds of articles on newspapers archives reporting artifacts found and sent to the smithsonian. This is the history of the land in which we live and prosper. The name Albatwitch is thought to derive from a Pennsylvania Dutch-English compound word meaning apple-snitch after the creatures habit of stealing apples from picnic baskets or throwing the fruit at people while sitting in trees. The Catawissa Path A TIME LINE OF MAJOR EVENTS IN HAUDENOSAUNEE HISTORY. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. John Smith of Pocahontas fame, referred to these Native People as Sasquesahannocks after the river on which he met them_._ In response to Pontiacs War, begun in the western part of the state, the Paxton Boys, a group of anti-Indian vigilantes, slaughtered six Indians at Conestoga. The name Albatwitch is thought to derive from a Pennsylvania Dutch-English compound word meaning apple-snitch after the creatures habit of stealing apples from picnic baskets or throwing the fruit at people while sitting in trees. The Susquehanna Path Even the sound of their speach as you described. Let's examine the etymology of the curiously named Bird-in-Hand. Tribes lived in fortified cities, which were composed . How the Susquehannocks became known as the Conestoga. The Great Shamokin Path Susquehanna National Heritage Area is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization supported by private contributions from generous donors and funding from the following national, state and regional partners: Visit the Columbia Crossing River Trails Center, Explore the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail, Our Savage Neighbors: How Indian War Transformed Early America, Native American Archaeology Contact Period, Boating Safety Course coming to Columbia Crossing, Sponsor a Rocking Chair at Columbia Crossing, Winter Programs with Susquehanna National Heritage Area. Follow the link to go directly to the video. River Roots is Susquehanna NHAs blog series featuring history from York and Lancaster Counties that showcases the Susquehanna Rivers historic, cultural, and natural resources contributions to our nations heritage. "Susquehannock" was not the name these people used for themselves; it is an English interpretation. Others supported the British, fearing they would be driven from their lands if the Americans were victorious. The story of this strange creature is thought to have its roots in Pennsylvanias lumber history. Their first contact with Europeans occurred in 1524 when Giovanni da Verrazzano was greeted by local Lenape, who came by canoe after his ship entered what is now called Lower New York Bay. Others moved to New York, joining with theSeneca and Onondaga, who had a long tradition ofadopting defeated enemies into their tribes. Would you be surprised to know that the Native American tribe known as the Susquehannocks never referred to themselves by that name? Wild plants, fruits, and nuts supplemented their diets. Its said that a strange glowing fireball known as the Swamp Angel still frequents those wetlands. , They say, that is the old mountaineers, that the Water Witch was an Indian girl who suddenly changed her mind towards her lover. As nutrients in the soil were depleted, productivity decreased forcing the Susquehannock to move their towns about every two decades. During the American Revolution, the Lenape were divided. It was often blamed for the spilling or capsizing of lumber rafts at the time. The Tulpehocken Path Next time you find yourself in a pickle, just make your way along the West Branch section of the Greenway to Clinton County and see if the Swamp Angel can help you out! The Susquehannock people, also called the Conestoga by some English settlers or Andastes [2] were Iroquoian Native Americans who lived in areas adjacent to the Susquehanna River and its tributaries, ranging from its upper reaches in the southern part of what is now New York (near the lands of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy ), Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Here is a Ancient City of the large folks , Being Permitted Destroyed by Ohio Government? Travel all the way down the Greenway to the Lancaster County town of Columbia and youll hear all about the legend of the Albatwich, a mini apple-munching Sasquatch. Within no time, hundreds of whites were trespassing, cutting timber, and building houses on the tribes land. The Hemlock forests of northern Pennsylvania are said to be home to a sad mythical creature known as the Squonk. He was born on February 26, 1863, in Conestoga. The Kettle Creek Monster, West Branch Dugong, or. The Lenape or Delaware tribe, also called the Lenni Lenape, are of the Algonquin family and first lived in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York . Susquehannas Mystery Thing (Northumberland County). It was often blamed for the spilling or capsizing of lumber rafts at the time. I., p. 120, gives an account of a prodigious giant tribe of Indians, the Sasquesahanocks, whom he met with at the head of Chesapeake Bay. Like other Iroquian tribes, they planted maize, beans, and squash in spring. The Long family are standouts with four generations of sickle and scythe makers beginning in the early 1700s through the 1860s. Kathy Alexander/Legends of America, updated January 2023. A mythical being known to frequent European folklore, a Water Witch was said to have power over the wind and weather, often appearing to sailors and others in the seafaring trade. Over the next year or two, I saw it several times and it always sank out of sight before it got close enough to be seen clearly.. Get a weekly list of events happening in North Central Pa.! A creature with many names, this elusive legend has been said to lurk in the waters of the Susquehanna River near Lock Haven in Clinton County. Winds E at 5 to 10 mph. In 1979, the Bureau of Indian Affairs revoked the tribal status of the Delaware andShawneeliving among the Cherokee in Oklahoma, including them as Cherokee. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Travel all the way down the Greenway to the Lancaster County town of Columbia and youll hear all about the legend of the Albatwich, a mini apple-munching Sasquatch. For years, before Europeans arrived, they werebitter enemies of theIroquois Confederacy and were also thought to have warred with the Mahican from the central Hudson Valley. Their communities were located along the Susquehanna, especially in Cumberland, Dauphin, Lancaster, and York counties. Has the Susquehanna Seal of Clinton County relocated to new waters? Later, after successful trading, they acquired firearms and ammunition. This agreement allowed American troops to pass through the Lenape territory, and the tribe provided food, horses, and other supplies to the soldiers. The governor gave special papers for their protection. These firearms were carefully not traded to Iroquois or Lenape tribes. As the Dutch grew more demanding and encroached on more Native American lands, the Lenape fought against them in Kiefts War (16431645), in which they were subjected to the Pavonia Massacre and the Esopus Wars (1659-1663). Although numerous trails make up the STS, the route runs as a continuous marked loop of nearly 85 miles, making it one of the longest continuous loops in the Eastern US. As part of his inheritance, James chose a piece of his fathers land to farm and build a home for his wife Catherine and six children. However, they quickly trapped out the Susquehanna valley and became a middle-man for furs from Native groups in the areas of New York, Ohio, and Canada. It is detailed as a marine animal or sea monster. Tribes lived in fortified cities, which were composed of sixty to eighty foot long, bark-covered longhouses and several families, who were all related to one another via matrilineal lines of descent, lived in each long house. By the Treaty of St. Marys, Ohio, in October 1818, the Lenape ceded their lands in Indiana for lands west of the Mississippi River for an annual annuity of $4,000. They farmed corn, beans, squash, melons, and tobacco and gathered wild fruits, berries, and nuts. Would you like to receive our daily morning newsletter? Thought to live mostly in the trees, Albatwitches prefer to keep to the shadows, and are said to make their presence known by a sound like a cracking whip (perhaps branch-breaking). At about 50 yards, it sank out of sight. Susquehannock war parties routinely attacked the Lenape tribes along the Delaware River and traveled down the Susquehanna River where they also raided the Nanticoke, Conoy, and Powhatan living on Chesapeake Bay. Seen as recently as the 2000s, the Susquehannas Mystery Thing was publicized by outdoor guide and writer Ken Maurer of Sunburys The Daily Item. Another marine mystery is said to lurk in Susquehanna waters near the rivers confluence in Northumberland County. By the 1860s, the scythe was the standard reaping tool. The Swamp Angel appeared with just the right advice and the day was saved. Her work is focused on promoting trails and communities within our vibrant and connected Susquehanna Greenway, so that people like you can enjoy opportunities to engage with the outdoors. In it, a man captures a Squonk in a sack only to feel the sack becoming lighter and lighter as he carries it home. A depiction of an Albatwitch, an apple-thieving cousin of the Sasquatch, by York County artist and author Timothy Renner, A map showing recorded sighting locations of local cryptids, A sketch of the Kettle Creek Monster by Taylor Garner. A friend of Maurers who had also seen the creature described it as a small submarine about to surface. When we read Smiths account, its easy to picture seven-foot-tall Native Americans roaming the forests surrounding the Susquehanna River, especially when many of you reading this are six feet tall yourself. By 1845 the Lenape population had dropped to less than 2,000 people living in the United States and Canada. Dick Shovel On the opposite side of the house is a small chimney for a parlor stove. You have permission to edit this article. Described as a 4-foot-tall hairy ape-man fond of apples, the Albatwitch is thought to live around the Susquehanna River, most notably in the Chickies Rock area. The Schultz site is the earliest known Susquehannock town in the lower Susquehanna River Valley. If you journey to this section of the Greenway in search of the Water Witch, think twice. John Smith, who explored the upper Chesapeake Bay area in 1608. The Swamp Angel appeared with just the right advice and the day was saved. Instead of front paws, it had bird claws, and instead of back feet, it had horse hooves, which confused trackers trying to follow it. As Halloween approaches, nows the time to brush up on your Greenway ghouls and legends. The last two known Susquehannock, a couple named Michael and Mary, were sheltered from the massacre in 1763 on a farm near Manheim, PA, and were buried on the property when they died, out of reach of the mighty Susquehanna. As this trade expanded, native made items were replaced with European equivalents like the brass kettle. The Susquehannock were first described by Capt. Alana can be reached at, The Blue Collar Bookseller review: Colleen Hoover, Man charged for alleged rape of young girl, Police seize nearly $2 million worth of counterfeit items in Clinton County, End of an era: Local folks recall memories of Lycoming Mall, Dog saved by staff at local animal hospital; owners charged. During the Beaver Wars, 1649 to 1656, the Susquehannocks formed an alliance with Maryland to acquire rifles and successfully fought the much larger Iroquois Confederacy. Mastodon, musk ox and caribou grazed the Susquehanna River Valley and undoubtedly provided food for its human inhabitants. What's happening today? Deer hair, dyed a deep scarlet, was a favorite component of headdresses and breast ornaments for men, while the women often wore headbands of dyed deer hair. A small portion of the survivors fled to a reservation on the Conestoga Creek (in the present day Lancaster area), but the majority were absorbed into the Iroquoian people. After cross-referencing the location on an 1864 township map, I believe the property once belonged to Elijah Levi. 1672, the Iroquois are defeated by a war party of Susquehannock. Since that fateful day, she would appear over the swamp in a glowing orb. Their firstEuropean contact was in 1608 when Captain John Smith, from Jamestown, Virginia, was exploring the northern end of Chesapeake Bay. It is said that he called upon the aid of the spirit to break a witchs curse, summoning her by burning a plant called foxfire. The signers for the Maryland colonial government were Richard Bennett, Thomas March, William Fuller, Leo Strong and Edward Lloyd. These lands, consisting of about 1,000,000 acres, were located west of the MissouriRiver and north of the Kansas River. Throughout the historical period they were at war with the Iroquois, who conquered them in 1676 and forced them to settle near the Oneida tribe in New York. In it, a man captures a Squonk in a sack only to feel the sack becoming lighter and lighter as he carries it home. Following the American victory in the Revolution, the Christian Lenape called the Christian Munsee, and those that had supported the English relocated to Ontario, Canada. As Halloween approaches, nows the time to brush up on your Greenway ghouls and legends. The survivors were placed in the Lancaster jail for their own protection but two days after Christmas, the Paxtang Boys returned and killed every man, woman, and child, in what an observer call the most horrible massacre that was ever heard of in this, or perhaps an other province.. Rather than controlling the elements, this Water Witch, being the symbol of something ever flowing knows a persons destiny. Many of them temporarily moved south tothe Chesapeake Bay in the summer to fish and gather shellfish returning, before returning in the fall to harvest their crops and hunt. Great read, Soteria. The day after the massacre, a war party of 140 Shawnee Indians arrived at the scene, killing or capturing most of the American soldiers. Today you can visit his grave inscribed with his real name Isaac Gaines at Furst-McGonigal Cemetery in Clearfield County. The stockaded communities were surrounded by large fields of corn, beans, and squash. They traded with other tribes along the Erie River in northern Ohio and the Huron and Neutral people of southern Ontario, Canada. During 1697, some Susquehannocks returned to the lower Susquehanna Valley area and built a new village called Conestoga. It is limited to the lower 48 states of the U.S. but also includes those First Nations from Canada and Mexico that had important roles (Huron, Micmac, Assiniboine, etc. At this time, many of the Lenape began to migrate to Texas. Susquehannock Indian Village by Herman Moll, 1720. The tribe reached their peak of power in the early 1670s and afterward began to decline due to infectious diseases and continued warfare. The story of this strange creature is thought to have its roots in Pennsylvanias lumber history. Over the next year or two, I saw it several times and it always sank out of sight before it got close enough to be seen clearly., They say, that is the old mountaineers, that the Water Witch was an Indian girl who suddenly changed her mind towards her lover. For travel up or down the river, Susquehannocks used an extensive system of walking paths. Is the Kettle Creek Monster / West Branch Dugong / Susquehanna Seal really gone? Listen carefully for its sad sniffles and think twice before you step in any puddles. The investigation revealed that the males in this skeletal population were, on average, around 5 feet, 7 inches. It was about six feet tall, shaped like a wolf, and stood on its back legs. Conestoga Area Historical Society Museum Search Adventure, Governor Dick Adventure: Raiders of the Lost Ark. Partly cloudy skies early then becoming cloudy with periods of rain late. Many of the trails the STS follows retain their original names, such as the Twin Sisters Trail or the Elkhorn Trail. They were a hunter-gatherer tribe, and also domesticated horses which were used for the buffalo hunts. You may not get the fortune you hoped for! When John Smith arrived in 1608 he described the Susquehannocks as wearing bear and wolf skins, and carrying bows, arrows and clubs. In 1859, the U.S. government forced the remaining Lenape onto a reservation near Anadarko, Oklahoma. Kettle Creek Monster/ West Branch Dugong/ Susquehanna Seal (Lock Haven, Clinton County). According to Henry ShoemakersSusquehanna Legends, They say, that is the old mountaineers, that the Water Witch was an Indian girl who suddenly changed her mind towards her lover. The Lenape fought the act in the courts but lost in 1907. Having influence with the Gods, the deserted one had her made into unchanging water; and in her helpless state, she mocks the petty aspirations of mankind., being the symbol of something ever flowing. That same year, the Lenape living on Smokey Island near Pittsburgh were attacked by Americans. One thing is for sure, the Susquehanna Mystery Thing would be a spooky sight to see from a kayak in the Greenway waters of Northumberland County. That seems to fit right in with all the myths, lores, and stories that I have heard over the years. The Susquehannock Indians Susquehannock Indians reportedly painted images that match the description of these creatures on their war shields, and the Algonquin also told of small hairy hominid creatures, which they called Megumoowesoos. Pig-like with a saggy skin covered in warts and blemishes, the Squonk spends much of its life weeping. This being said, keep your eyes open for the Giwoggle as you explore the trails and communities of the Greenway in Clinton County. The northern reaches of the Greenway overlap with Squonk territory. Inside the walls are horsehair plaster and one room has a large cooking fireplace with panel doors to close when not in use keeping out the cold. The River, Susquehannocks used an extensive system susquehannock legends walking paths a time LINE of MAJOR EVENTS HAUDENOSAUNEE. In Conestoga marine animal or sea Monster a fantasy field guide published in 1910 William... Bay area in 1608 Elkhorn Trail by H. Charles McBarron, Jr, 1953 Falaya ), carrying... Retain their original names, such as the Swamp in a glowing orb was not name. And north of the land in which we live and prosper in HAUDENOSAUNEE history by T.. 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