John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, also called (134262) earl of Richmond, or (from 1390) duc (duke) dAquitaine, (born March 1340, Ghentdied February 3, 1399, London), English prince, fourth but third surviving son of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut; he exercised a moderating influence in the political and constitutional struggles of the reign of his nephew Richard II. By then well established, he owned at least thirty castles and estates across England and France. Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), p. 3. Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), p. 425-426. Durham: Duke University Press. Two leading politicians had been beheaded by rebels in London, and Gaunt was left on the Scottish Borders for weeks, waiting for news from the king regarding his fate. 223. Duke of Aquitaine[edit] He also succeeded in forcing the Commons to agree to the imposition of the first Poll Tax in English historya viciously regressive measure that bore hardest on the poorest members of society. Their son Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV of England, after the duchy of Lancaster was taken by Richard II upon John's death while Henry was in exile. '[17] He impaled his arms with those of the Spanish kingdom. 2nd creation He had outlived most of the other male Mayflower passengers, with the exception of George Soule (who died in 1679), John Alden (1687), and John Cooke (1695 . ISBN 0-395-29031-7. [8] Just before leaving Aquitaine, on 21 September 1371 he married Infanta Constance of Castile at Roquefort, near Bordeaux, Guienne. Where Gaunts first marriage was the result of friendship, nobility and loyalty, his second was borne out of revenge and ambition. Henry Bolingbroke Philippa, Queen of Portugal 5 Duke of Aquitaine Arms[edit] John renounced his claim in 1388, but he married his daughter, Catherine, to the young nobleman who eventually became King Henry III of Castile and Leon. The Castilians refused to offer battle and the Galician-Anglo-Portuguese troops, apart from time-wasting sieges of fortified towns, were reduced to foraging for food in the arid Spanish landscape. Writing for HistoryExtra, historian Helen Carr shares a guide to the life of the medieval prince a tale of war, unrest and betrayal. However, his sister Joan succumbed to the epidemic (which ripped through the country and killed as much as half of the population) while on her way to marry the future Pedro I of Castile. Cantor, Norman F. (2004). A group designed to gather together living descendants of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399), who was a member of the House of Plantagenet, being the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford began an affair after Blanche of Lancaster and Katherine's husband Hugh had both died. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent (in modern Belgium), Gaunt in . As a result of Blanches death, Geoffrey Chaucer produced The Book of the Duchess as an elegy to Blanche, John of Gaunts very dear wife. Thomas Swyneford, C marks; to Monsr Walter Blount, Monsr Chamberlain, C marks; to Monsr Hugh Shirley Cmarks; to Monsr Richard Aberbury, the sons, L marks; to Monsr William Par L marks; I will that a chauntry be founded at the New Church of our Lady of Leicester, for the soul of my late wife Dame Constance, who is there buried, and for ever to keep an obit for her soul on the 24th day of March; and as for the annuity or annual pension of forty-thousand franks, which my dear son the King of Castile and Leon is bound to me, a certain part of which is unpaid, I devise to the King one third part of what may, by his assistance, be recovered of the arrears now due. John of Gaunt was loyal to the interests of his family and siblings but he was particularly close to his eldest brother, the Black Prince. The survivors of the sickly army returned to Calais, where the Earl of Warwick died of plague, by the middle of November. The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was broken out of political necessity. An administrative ward on the city council also bears the name. famous descendants of john of gaunt . Jump up ^ Plea Rolls of the Court of Common Pleas; National Archives; CP 40/541 ; year 1396; http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT6/R2/CP40no541a/aCP40no541afronts/IMG_0140.htm ; several entries, as Duke of Aquitaine & Lancaster; and as King of Castille & Duke of Lancaster Military commander in France[edit] In spring 1381, a group of rebels marched on the city of London, attacking houses and towns on their way to confront the teenage king Richard II, an event that became known as the Peasants Revolt. However, in his absence crisis ensued almost immediately, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. Jump up ^ Harris (2010), p. 16. Bolingbroke then reigned as King Henry IV of England (13991413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the throne of England. Larry D. Benson and F. N. Robinson (1987). New creation Upon the death of his father-in-law in 1361, John received half his lands, the title "Earl of Lancaster", and distinction as the greatest landowner in the north of England, inheriting the Palatinate of Lancaster. Probably John's most notable feat of arms occurred in AugustDecember 1373, when he attempted to relieve Aquitaine by the landward route, leading an army of some 9,000 mounted men from Calais on a great chevauche from north-eastern to south-western France on a 900 kilometre raid. Because, so do you. John left Portugal for Aquitaine, and he remained in that province until he returned to England in November 1389. Despite Johns extreme unpopularity, he maintained his position after the accession of his ten-year-old nephew, Richard II, in 1377, and from 1381 to 1386 he mediated between the Kings party and the opposition group led by Johns younger brother, Thomas Woodstock, earl of Gloucester. It indicates a continual pattern of lifea marked contrast with the pattern of life of the rest of the peoples of the world at the time! Morieux held several important posts, including Constable of the Tower the year he was married, and Master of Horse to King Richard II two years later. A modern monument in the crypt lists John of Gaunt's grave as among the important ones lost.SOURCE: WikipediaWILL: JOHN OF GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER I, John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, February 3d, 1397. 9.1 Arms Even after the government acceded to virtually all their demands, the Commons then refused to authorise any finance for the war, losing the sympathy of the Lords as a result. have descended from him, and no fewer than six U. S. presidents (including George Washington and James Monroe) would descend from the love affair John Still, I wanted to take the time and write about them and some of their royal descendants Katherine Swynford was the former chamber servant of Duchess Blanche. By Marie de St. Hilaire of Hainaut, mistress: This was the counterpart to his brother, the Black Prince's, "shield for peace" (on which the ostrich feathers were white), and may have been used in jousting. XII/2, p. 908. The known names of these children are Blanche and Thomas. furniture packs spain murcia. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. Unable to attack any strongly fortified forts and cities, the raiders plundered the countryside, raiding towns and villages, weakening the French infrastructure, but the military value of the damage was only temporary. title regranted to Rodger. The Riverside Chaucer. 3869. [19] For the remainder of his life John of Gaunt occupied the role of valued counsellor of the King and loyal supporter of the Crown. {{ mediasCtrl.getTitle(media, true) }} {{ media.date_translated }}, {{ asCtrl.bannerRights.content|translate }}, The Geneanet family trees are powered by Geneweb 7.0. Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (13751447) The former title for Clerk of the King's Ships had been Keeper and Governor of the King's Ships and Warden of the Sea and Maritime Parts. Duke of Lancaster[edit] Chaucer's Book of the Duchess, also known as the Deeth of Blaunche the Duchesse,[20] was written in commemoration of Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's first wife. Only John, on his return to England in 1389, succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. He claimed a Spanish kingdom via his wife, daughter of King Pedro the Cruel. Save up to 49% AND your choice of gift card worth 10* when you subscribe BBC History Magazine or BBC History Revealed PLUS! Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), pp. Following the death of his father, and his brother Edward the Black Prince, John became effective regent of England during the minority reign of his nephew, Richard II, Wives: Blanche of Lancaster, m135968; Constance of Castile m137194; Katherine Swynford, m139699, Legacy: In October 1399, after overthrowing Richard II, Johns eldest son was crowned Henry IV, the first Lancastrian king of England. It was around a month later that Gaunt built a shrine at Knaresborough in North Yorkshire to Saint Katherine, probably a mark of love and respect for the woman he could not marry. Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland His first wife, Blanche, was also his third cousin, both being great great grandchildren of King Henry III. An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403. John's first child was an illegitimate daughter, Blanche (13591388/89). Part 2: William Jenyns' Ordinary', Coat of Arms, 3rd ser. He was the wealthiest, most powerful and most hated man in England for decades. John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, most famously known for his work The Canterbury Tales. When John of Gaunt died in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the crown, since King Richard II had named Henry a traitor and changed his sentence to exile for life. John was left isolated (even the Black Prince supported the need for reform) and the Commons refused to grant money for the war unless most of the great officers of state were dismissed, and the King's mistress Alice Perrers, another focus of popular resentment, was barred from any further association with him. Blanche (13591388/89), married Sir Thomas Morieux (13551387) in 1381, without issue Regnal titles Gaunt had no funds with which to pay them, and despite his entreaties none were sent from England, so in April 1374 he abandoned the enterprise and sailed for home. June 7, 2022 . Church Monuments 25: 735. 12 Bibliography MotherPhilippa of Hainault The treaty was sealed by the marriage of John's eldest daughter Philippa to the Portuguese King. Although Philippa died c.1387, the men were bound as brothers and Lancaster's children by KatherineJohn, Henry, Thomas and Joan Beaufortwere Chaucer's nephews and niece. John received the title "Duke of Lancaster" from his father on 13 November 1362. This made John of Gaunt the eldest surviving son of Edward III (his other elder brother, Lionel, had died in 1368). This section does not cite any references or sources. King of Castile & Leon John Winslow came over in 1621. He died in 1387 after six years of marriage. [34] John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster Gaunt lived with the prince in his household as a boy, learning princely etiquette and land management, and following his brother everywhere, even into battle; at age 10 he insisted on accompanying the Black Prince on board his warship for the battle of Winchelsea (1350) against a mighty Castilian fleet. famous descendants of john of gaunt. Head of government[edit] He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. He owned land in almost every county in England, producing a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year (several millions in today's terms). 6 Relationship to Chaucer Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. From August to October, John of Gaunt set up a rudimentary court and chancery at Ourense and received the submission of the Galician nobility and most of the towns of Galicia, though they made their homage to him conditional on his being recognised as king by the rest of Castile. The following year he took part with his father, Edward III, in an abortive attempt to invade France with a large army, which was frustrated by three months of unfavourable winds. Jump up ^ Sumption (2009), p. 274. Project Gutenberg. Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter In 1399, Henry of Bolingbroke returned to England and overthrew Richard II, becoming the first Lancastrian king, as Henry IV. John O'Gaunt is a piece of music written for brass band by Gilbert Vinter in 1965. Famouskin.com also includes ancestoral charts showing the family relationships of Henry VII, King of England to many famous kin. From 1372 John gathered around himself a small court of refugee Castilian knights and ladies and set up a Castilian chancery which prepared documents in his name according to the style of Peter of Castile, dated by the Castilian era and signed by himself with the Spanish formula 'Yo El Rey' (I, the King). Documenting the plight of Americans. Jump up ^ "John O'Gaunt School, Trowbridge". They were the parents of at least 5 sons and 3 daughters. His wife Constance died in 1394, and two years later he married his mistress, Katherine Swynford. His older brother Edward, Prince of Wales (the Black Prince) was next in line to the throne until his death in 1376 following a . Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) 3. Henry of GrosmontLord High Steward Larry D. Benson and F. N. Robinson (1984). 7.3 Children Despite rumours of his ill intent and personal ambition to rule England in place of Richard, John of Gaunt remained loyal to the interests of his brother, and subsequently his nephew, for the rest of his life. Goodman, Anthony (1992). The remnants of the castle at Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, once owned by John, sit on John o' Gaunt's Street. {{ asCtrl.bannerRights.content|translate }}, The Geneanet family trees are powered by Geneweb 7.0. ( 1984 ) King Pedro the Cruel least 5 sons and 3 daughters and he remained in that province he! Claimed a Spanish kingdom treaty was sealed by the middle of November the marriage of John 's daughter! Philippa to the Portuguese King to Chaucer Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company names these..., Katherine Swynford of GrosmontLord High Steward larry D. Benson and F. N. Robinson 1984! 12 Bibliography MotherPhilippa of Hainault the treaty was sealed by the marriage of John 's first was! 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