Film report. [93], Other operations against security facilities in this period included a sniper and small arms attack on the British Army base of Killymeal, Dungannon, on 22 May 1993; the brigade claimed a subsequent exchange of fire between IRA volunteers in supporting role and British soldiers crewing an observation post. British troops manning the outpost returned fire. [115][64] Among them there were Constable Andrew Beacom and Reserve Constable Ernest Smith, the two RUC members ambushed and shot dead while driving a civilian type vehicle in Fivemiletown's main street on 12 December 1993. There were a number of actions carried out by the IRA in the eastern part of Tyrone from 1996 up to the latest IRA ceasefire of July 1997: Risn McAliskey, daughter of political activist Bernadette McAliskey and suspected IRA member from Coalisland was accused by German authorities of being involved in a mortar attack on British Army facilities in Osnabrck, Germany, on 28 June 1996. [92] The projectile landed within the grounds of the base, causing some damage according to the RUC. After being caught he was put up against a fence and killed. However, as their attack was underway, the IRA unit was ambushed by a Special Air Service (SAS) unit. [6] Journalist Kevin Toolis states that from 1985 onwards, the brigade led a five-year campaign that left 33 security facilities destroyed and nearly 100 seriously damaged. Transforming the Peace Process in Northern Ireland: From Terrorism to Democratic Policies, IRA The Bombs and the Bullets: A History of Deadly Ingenuity, The Provisional IRA in England: The Bombing Campaign 1973-1997, Loyal to the Core? The operation. They don't throw away remarks like that. Now he has a doctorate in political science and writes a lively blog, the Pensive Quill, firing off opinions on the peace process, among other topics, and offering a platform to others. In addition, the IRA in Tyrone was the target of an assassination campaign carried out by the loyalist paramilitaries of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). This was the last action by the Brigade before. [11] Scottish-born journalist Kevin Toolis has written that from 1985 onward, the brigade led a five-year campaign that left 33 security facilities destroyed and nearly 100 seriously damaged. But somebody not being able to smuggle is not what revolutions are made out of. According to them, a second 264 pounds (120kg) device was defused in the follow-up operation. The first phase of Lynagh's plan to drive out the British security forces from east Tyrone involved destroying isolated rural police stations and then intimidating or killing any building contractors who were employed to rebuild them. The Tyrone republican believes that Sinn Fin is wrong to propose a special status for Northern Ireland within the European Union. [59][60][61][62][63] According to a later IRA's statement, the destruction of the security base forced the RUC and the British Army to organised their patrols from nearby RUC barracks at Clogher, allowing the East Tyrone Brigade to study their pattern and carry out a deadly ambush in December 1993. Almost immediately another part-time soldier chanced upon the scene and opened fire on the fleeing gunmen who managed to escape by forcing a passing car to stop and raced off. . [90] The facilities came under attack once again on 7 November, when a supporting team armed with automatic weapons secured the area around the barracks, allowing an Isuzu Trooper carrying a "Barrack Buster" to be driven just outside the base. As well as RAAD, the alliance includes an east Tyrone group thought to be responsible for killing PSNI officer Ronan Kerr in 2011, . East Tyrone IRA members Pete Ryan, Lawrence McNally and Tony Doris were shot dead in the village of Coagh in June 1991 in an operation believed to involve the SAS. [130] The latter attack led to loyalist allegations that the IRA was killing Protestant land-owners in Tyrone and Fermanagh[131] in an orchestrated campaign to drive Protestants out of the region, to the point that they drew an analogy with contemporaneous ethnic cleansing in the Balkans. McGeough points to the "huge statement" last week by David Davis, the UK's Brexit secretary formally, secretary of state for exiting the European Union who said that Northern Ireland would not have to reapply for EU membership as a new state if it voted for reunification with the Republic. 9 July 1997: IRA gunmen hijacked and burned a number of vehicles at Dungannon. [27][28] The helicopter was hit between Clogher and Augher, over the border near Derrygorry, in the Republic. The armed vehicle crossed the border after the engagement. Interviewees suggest the vast countryside made rural IRA units particularly dangerous. They were active in some of the bloodiest campaigns of the Troubles, and for three of them much of that activity took place along the Border. [30] Journalist Ian Bruce claims that an unidentified Irishman who had served in the Parachute Regiment was the leader of the IRA unit, citing intelligence sources. In June 1991, three IRA men, Lawrence McNally, Peter Ryan and Tony Dorris were lured into yet another SAS ambush at Coagh, where their car was raked with gunfire and rocket propelled grenades. In the 1980s, the IRA in East Tyrone and other areas close to the border, such as South Armagh, were following a Maoist military theory[8] devised for Ireland by Jim Lynagh, a high-profile member of the IRA in East Tyrone (but a native of County Monaghan). 25 April 1987: an off duty British soldier (William Graham) was shot dead by the IRA at his family's farm, off Gortscraheen Road, near Pomeroy. [14], On 8 May 1987, at least eight members of the brigade launched another attack on the unmanned Loughgall RUC base. This is the infrastructure that the European Union has created, and concentrating on a customs post in Aughnacloy is taking us off the core argument.. [53] Author Brendan O'Brien reports a witness claiming that some of the men were wounded and tried to surrender but were killed by the British soldiers. [59], The brigade was the first to use the Mark-15 Barrack-Buster mortar in an attack on 5 December 1992 against an RUC station in Ballygawley. [10] Lynagh's plans met strong criticism from senior brigade member Kevin McKenna, who regarded the strategy as "too impractical, too ambitious, and not sustainable" according to journalist Ed Moloney. [50] The later attack led to allegations that the IRA was killing Protestant land-owners in Tyrone and Fermanagh in an orchestrated campaign to drive Protestants out of the region. [125][126] The IRA retaliated on 5 August 1991 by shooting and killing a former UDR soldier leaving his workplace along Altmore Road, Cappagh. A 'senior security source' claimed that the IRA was responsible. Along with Lynagh and McKearney, the IRA gang included Gerard O'Callaghan, 29, Tony Gormley, 25, Eugene Kelly, 25, Patrick Kelly, 30, Seamus Donnelly, 19, and Declan Arthurs, 21. We are faced with the possibility of two foreign powers implementing the partition of Ireland, and where is the demand in Ireland to say, What gives you the power to do this? , McKearney adds, It is economic imperialism we are dealing with, as opposed to the imperialism that was so raw and so in our face under British imperialism. [107][108], There were also a number of roadside bomb and mortar attacks thwarted by the security forces in east and south Tyrone in this period. [39] On 31 January an IRA van bomb blew up in downtown Dungannon, resulting in three people wounded and severe damage[40] both on the city centre and the RUC/Army base. 5 February 1997: an IRA unit fired a horizontal mortar at an RUC patrol on Newell Road in Dungannon. The ambush took place outside the village of Pomeroy. [31], On 11 February 1990 the brigade managed to shoot down a British Army Gazelle helicopter near Clogher by machine gun fire and wounding three soldiers, one of them seriously. [92], An explosive device fired at the RUC barracks in Dungannon on 9 July 1993, that according to the IRA was a Mark-15 mortar bomb,[85] prompted the evacuation of a nearby housing state. [19][unreliable source? McGeough is a supporter of the peace process and now president of the Ancient Order of Hibernians in Co Tyrone. The South Armagh area was considered to be a liberated zone already, since British troops and the RUC could not use the roads there for fear of roadside bombs and long-range harassing fire. The soldiers were being transported from RAF Aldergrove to a military base near Omagh after returning from leave in England. [23] British intelligence identified them as the perpetrators of the attack on the military bus at Curr road. This was the IRA's greatest loss of life in a single incident during its campaign. 7 December 1985: during an attack on the RUC barracks in Ballygawley, the IRA killed two RUC officers (Reserve Constable William Clements and Constable George Gilliland) and destroyed the barracks with a large bomb. 8 July 1997: A landmine was planted by the IRA near Dungannon, where there was a bomb alert. He would be the longest-serving volunteer in this position, right up to the 1997 ceasefire.[148]. [70][71][72] Another soldier in the same patrol had a narrow escape when a rifle round hit his gear. They dont throw away remarks like that.. . Although logically it makes more sense for Sinn Fin to start an armed campaign, that is not going to happen no chance, he says. . 14 March 1972: A two-man IRA unit armed with sub-machine guns ambushed a joint British Army/RUC patrol on Brackaville Road outside Coalisland, County Tyrone. [120] The IRA said that the workers were legitimate targets because they were "collaborating" with the "forces of occupation". [74][75] The heavy mortar round, fired from a tractor near the town's health center, was deflected by a tree besides the barracks wall. Its all guff': Colm Lynagh, Anthony McIntyre, Gerry McGeough and Tommy McKearney Colm Lynagh, Anthony McIntyre, Gerry McGeough and Tommy McKearney. The 12 May riots ended with the paratroopers' assault on three bars, where they injured seven civilians. He also wrote the best-selling book "The IRA - A Secret History". There may be little bits here and there, or attempts here and there, but nothing significant.. "They should be pushing instead for a united Ireland, that the day the UK leaves Europe is the same day they leave Ireland," he says. Over 50 shots were fired by the unit. There were four members of the Provisionals from East Tyrone searching my house, and they . The Gazelle broke up during the subsequent crash-landing. I dont see any bloodshed coming from our side. [82][86], A brigade statement claims that late on the evening of 26 April 1993, a "variation" of the Mark-15 was fired at a British Army position on an open field near the river Fury, a few miles east of Clogher. O'Donnell had been released without charges for possession of weapons on two different occasions in the past. [117][115] A second soldier, Sergeant Dean Oliver, died in a fratricide incident in Fivemiletown on 9 May 1992, in the aftermath of an IRA bomb attack in the area, as mentioned above.[61][118]. [77], On 19 January 1993 the brigade claimed that their volunteers uncovered and destroyed a British army observation post concealed in a derelict house in Drumcairne Forest, near Stewartstown. . The East Tyrone Brigade members killed at Loughgall in 1987 consisted of: * Commander Patrick Kelly (aged 30) * Jim Lynagh (aged 31) * Pdraig McKearney (aged 32) * Declan Arthurs (aged 21) * Seamus Donnelly (aged 19) * Eugene Kelly (aged 25) * Gerry O'Callaghan (aged 29) * Tony Gormley (aged 25) Eugene Kelly Dates highlighted in bold indicate three or more fatalities. This was denied by the dead man's family. East Tyrone appears an outlier in rural areas by the 1990s. But these four veterans of the Provisional IRAs armed campaign, who are all now critics of Sinn Fin policy, do not think that Brexit will derail the peace process. Nevertheless, IRA activities continued in parts of Down, Fermanagh, north and mid-Armagh by August 1994. [73], The brigade was the first to use the Mark-15 Barrack-Buster mortar in an attack on 5 December 1992 against the RUC station in Ballygawley. Two RUC officers were shot dead and the base was raked with gunfire before being destroyed by a bomb. Six attackers gathered on the same spot afterwards. The IRA Northern Command, however, approved a scaled-down version of the strategy, aimed at hampering the repair and refurbishment of British security bases. O'Donnell had been released without charges for possession of weapons on two different occasions in the past. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. IRA member Liam Ryan and local man . [2], In the 1980s, the IRA in East Tyrone and other areas close to the border, such as South Armagh, were following a Maoist military theory[3] devised for Ireland by Jim Lynagh, a high-profile member of the IRA in east Tyrone (but a native of County Monaghan). Anthony McIntyre, an IRA man turned writer and historian who is another supporter of the peace process but critic of Sinn Fin, fails to see how a hard Brexit would fuel any new armed campaign, given that it was not the Border that brought the Provisional IRA into existence but the response in Belfast and Derry to the British armys behaviour when it came to the North. The New IRA claimed responsibility for a potentially lethal bomb discovered under the car of a police officer at a golf club in east Belfast in June 2019. One British soldier was wounded. Sean O'Farrell was wounded and attempted to escape. Lynagh, a fellow republican, served eight years, from 1982 to 1990, in Portlaoise Prison over a charge related to the killing of a nightclub bouncer in Monaghan in 1981. The IRA claimed the man was a UVF commander, responsible for the killings of Catholic civilians. Another brother, Kevin, and Tommy's uncle John, neither of whom was in the IRA, were killed by loyalist paramilitaries from the Ulster Volunteer Force in an attack on the family's butcher's shop, in Moy, in January 1992. They see that threat as little more than a scare tactic to force the future of the 499km Border to the centre of the two-year Brexit negotiations. [81] The facilities targeted by "Barrack Buster" mortars included the above-mentioned Ballygawley barracks, a British Army border outpost at Aughnacloy,[82] the RUC barracks at Clogher[83] and Beragh,[82] both resulting in massive damage but no fatalities; two attacks on the RUC base in Caledon, which was also hit by gunfire in the second attack,[83][84] and the RUC compounds at Dungannon,[85] Fintona,[83] Carrickmore,[83] and Pomeroy. 26 March 1997: A grenade was thrown by IRA volunteers to the Army/RUC base at Coalisland. G. Adams (SF) has written to the Prime Minister asking for new political contact. The cops and the security services have been so on top of the armed republican groups that have been operating in the wake of the Provisional IRA. [114], Three active members of the security forces were killed by the East Tyrone Brigade during this period. The first phase of Lynagh's plan to drive out the British security forces from east Tyrone involved destroying isolated rural police stations and then intimidating or killing any building contractors who were employed to rebuild them. A 'senior security source' claimed that the IRA was responsible. The four, Peter Clancy, Kevin Barry O'Donnell, Sean O'Farrell and Patrick Vincent, were killed at Clonoe after an attack on the RUC station in Coalisland. The main target, Brian Arthurs, escaped injury. (2000). Three other RUC officers who were in the building fled through a back door. Lynagh's strategy was to start off with one area which the British military did not control, preferably a republican stronghold such as east Tyrone. We are an unruly people, and if there is an opportunity to be unruly again we will take it, but it will not be violence, he says. He considers threats of a return of the British army to Border towns like Aughnacloy as a cheap shot and the recent pantomime of mock Border checkpoints and anti-Brexit protesters dressing up in customs-officer uniforms as the hysterical interpretation of what may happen. [105], On 15 July 1994, an armed dump truck ambushed an RUC armoured mobile patrol at Killeshil, near Dungannon. The. A primed Mk-12 horizontal mortar was defused near Clogher on 9 April 1992 by British Army technicians,[109] while a trailer carrying a 'barrack buster' was recovered by security forces and also defused in the same area on 16 January 1994. On 1 January 1991, a British Army outpost was fired on by an IRA unit at Aughnacloy. [65][66][67] Six paratroopers were charged with criminal damage in the aftermath, but were acquitted in 1993. While Brexit raises uncertainty around how the UK manages trade across a frontier running through those former battlefields, McKearney and Lynagh believe that the climate and conditions the anti-Catholic discrimination and economic inequality that ignited the Troubles no longer exist. [134]There were a number of actions carried out by the IRA in the eastern part of Tyrone from 1996 up to the latest IRA ceasefire of July 1997: Risn McAliskey, daughter of political activist Bernadette McAliskey and suspected IRA member from Coalisland was accused by German authorities of being involved in a mortar attack on British Army facilities in Osnabrck, Germany, on 28 June 1996. In the aftermath of the bombing, on 9 May, a sergeant mayor of the 1st Battalion, the Staffordshire Regiment was shot and killed by a soldier of his company in a blue-on-blue incident at the same spot, while taking part of a security detail around the devastated base. But as a community willing to return to armed conflict, there just isnt an appetite for that., Lynagh adds, There is a vested interest in hyping up the political impact and the scare tactics that it is going to open a hornets nest of dissident activity against British rule. CAIN lists Boyd as a Protestant civilian. The UVF killed 40 people in east Tyrone between 1988 and 1994. The standout example is the SAS shooting of eight East Tyrone IRA members whilst the IRA attacked Loughgall RUC station in 1987. . [9] The theory involved creating "no-go zones" that the British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) did not control and gradually expanding them. No efforts were made to conceal the firing position or the machine gun. [5] Lynagh's plans met strong criticism from senior brigade member Kevin McKenna, who regarded the strategy as "too impractical, too ambitious, and not sustainable" in the words of journalist Ed Moloney. [44] Some republican sources[45] claim that a listening device was found in the roof of OFarrells house during repairs in 2008, exposing that the British intelligence had a forehand knowledge of the IRA operation at Coalisland and could have arrested them before the attack. One British soldier was wounded. [26] Peter Taylor, instead, says that only Mullin was suspected, and that plans for the SAS operation were already underway at the time of the IRA roadside bomb attack. It was the biggest single loss of life for the republican movement during the conflict. A member of an IRA unit who survived a deadly SAS ambush at Loughgall which claimed the lives of eight republicans has broken his silence for the first time on the 30th anniversary. [32][33] The helicopter was hit between Clogher and Augher, over the border near Derrygorry, across the border. Not far from that Border town is the home of Gerry McGeough, a former IRA man who calls himself a traditional republican rather than a dissident. IRA veterans Brexit feature - pix Gerry McGeough Former Provisional IRA volunteer Gerry McGeough, who served time in prison for the attempted murder of a UDR man in 1981, on his farm near Dungannon, Co Tyrone. [26], On 11 February 1990 the brigade managed to shoot down a British Army Gazelle helicopter near Clogher by machine gun fire and wounding three soldiers, one of them seriously. 2 February 1996: The house of a part-time member of the RUC was riddled with gunfire in Moy. [91][84], On 6 June 1993, an IRA unit converted a stolen van in a "mobile mortar launcher" in the area of Pomeroy and slipped through British forces' surveillance to the RUC barracks at Carrickmore. The loyalist gang operating in east Tyrone at the time used several weapons between 1988 to 1994, including R18837. All the IRA members involved withdrew successfully. ], In 2012 a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in Tyrone distanced itself from a republican commemoration of those killed in the ambush. [51], Another four IRA members were killed in an ambush in February 1992. I dont mean that in terms of violence. [58] That was a security situation. Photograph: Simon Carswell Taken: March 31st, 2017. [55][56][57], Six paratroopers were charged with criminal damage in the aftermath, but they were acquitted in 1993. The bomb detonated, destroying much of the base and damaging nearby buildings. [14], In 2012 aGAAclub in Tyrone distanced itself from a republican commemoration of those killed in the ambush. You might have someone taking a potshot sometime, but if you are talking about a serious insurgency or a serious campaign, anything that remotely emulates the Provisional IRAs campaign, it is not going to happen. IRA veterans Brexit feature - pix Colm Lynagh and Tommy McKearneyFormer republican prisoner Colm Lynagh (left) and former Provisional IRA hunger striker Tommy McKearney in Monaghan Town. McKearney argues that cross-Border economics has operated in a beggar-thy-neighbour way: Newry has over the years benefited at the expense of Dundalk, and vice versa, depending on currency fluctuations. A second shooting took place in the village of Pomeroy on 28 June, this time against British regular troops. In December 1973 he is badly injured in a premature bomb . The IRA responded by killing senior UVF man and former UDR member Leslie Dallas on 7 March 1989,[46][47] but the UVF shot dead three IRA members and a Catholic civilian in a pub in Cappagh on 3 March 1991. [87] On 30 April, a heavy horizontal mortar was fired at an RUC patrol vehicle near Ballygawley roundabout; the round missed its target and hit a wall. [101][102] The East Tyrone Brigade reported that they took over the area between the checkpoint and the border, set a roadblock, then drove a tractor carrying the mortar to the firing point and issued a 30-minute warning. Paddy Fox is an IRA man on the run - not from the RUC or the British Army, but from his old comrades. He was sentenced to 20 years in 2011 but was released after two years, under the Belfast Agreement. [Its] not about what are their economic interests. The IRA Northern Command, however, approved a scaled down version of the strategy, aimed at hampering the repair and refurbishment of British security bases. The two men have a long personal history linked to a time and territory around the Border that witnessed some of the regions bloodiest episodes. Stephen Fuller (d. 1984), a member of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the Irish War of Independence and fought with Anti-Treaty forces during the Irish Civil War (1922-23). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This is not a land of milk and honey under the European Union. (RAAD), an east Tyrone republican group, and a group of previously non-aligned republican dissidents from Belfast. One of the workers killed, Robert Dunseath, was also a soldier of the Royal Irish Rangers. The device exploded while he was driving on Carrydarragh road, near Moneymore, County Londonderry, on 31 May 1993, just a few miles from Cookstown. Loughgall ambush 8th of May 1987 SAS Ambush Eight members of the IRA's so-called 'East Tyrone brigade' Eight members of the IRA's so-called 'East Tyrone brigade' were shot dead by the SAS. [24], According to journalist Ed Moloney, Michael "Pete" Ryan, an alleged top Brigade's member, was the commander of the IRA flying column that attacked a permanent checkpoint at Derryard, County Fermanagh, on 13 December 1989. An IRA volunteer was arrested, while two other members of the IRA made good their escape. The genie is out of the bottle, so you are not going to put it back in again, and at this point in time we are in the uneasy calm before the potential storm. The peace process is dead if you cant throw up the old monster of potential violence, he says. [12], The eight volunteers killed in the ambush became known as the "Loughgall Martyrs" among many republicans. He recalls the EEC No signs that accompanied Brits Out graffiti around Monaghan when he was growing, up in the 1970s. This was the IRA's greatest loss of life in a single incident during the . We have been neglected, McKearney says, citing patchy broadband in parts of Co Monaghan as an example. Next to the living-room window, with its panoramic views of the farmland and gorse-filled hedgerows of this part of the Border, is an imposing portrait that shows the tradition of agrarian agitation McGeough hails from. 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